HUNGARIAN LANGUAGE

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SOME FACTS

Hungarian language, also called Magyar, member of the Ugric group of the Finno-Ugric languages. These languages form a subdivision of the Uralic subfamily of the Ural-Altaic family of languages. Hungarian is spoken by approximately 10 million people in Hungary and by an additional 3 million throughout Eastern Europe, Russia, the United States, and elsewhere. There are a number of dialects. Like the other Uralic and Altaic languages, Hungarian has vowel harmony and agglutination. Suffixes or postpositions are used extensively. The noun has about 25 cases, and the verb is inflected to a considerable degree. Hungarian has a definite article and an indefinite article, both of which are lacking in the related languages of Finnish and Turkish. There is no grammatical gender in Hungarian. The first syllable of a word is stressed. During the first millennium A.D., Hungarian was written in a script akin to that of the oldest Turkic writing, but in the 11th cent. A.D. the Roman alphabet was introduced and subsequently was adopted in a modified form. The earliest extant Hungarian documents in the Roman alphabet go back to the 13th cent. and are the oldest texts of a Uralic language. The vocabulary of Hungarian has borrowed words from other languages, especially the Turkic languages, the Slavic languages, and German.

HUNGARIAN: a language of Hungary
SIL code: HNG
ISO 639-1: hu
ISO 639-2: hun

Population 10,298,820 in Hungary (1995), 98% of the population (1986). Population total all countries 14,500,000.
Region Also spoken in Australia, Austria, Canada, Israel, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine, USA, Yugoslavia.
Alternate names MAGYAR
Dialects ALFOLD, WEST DANUBE, DANUBE-TISZA, KING'S PASS HUNGARIAN, NORTHEAST HUNGARIAN, NORTHWEST HUNGARIAN, SZEKELY, WEST HUNGARIAN.
Classification Uralic, Finno-Ugric, Ugric, Hungarian.
Comments Closest to Vogul (Mansi) of Russia. 'Magyar' is the Hungarian name. National language. Grammar. SVO. Bible 1590-1991.

Also spoken in:
Austria Language name HUNGARIAN
Population 22,000 in Austria (1995).
Alternate names MAGYAR
Dialects OBERWART.
Comments Speakers of Standard Hungarian have difficulty understanding Oberwart dialect. Taught at primary levels in schools where there are larger numbers of speakers in Burgenland. Used regularly by REF and RC churches. Bible 1590-1991. See main entry under Hungary.


Israel Language name HUNGARIAN
Population 70,000 in Israel (1998 H. Mutzafi).
Comments Bilingualism in Hebrew. Elderly speakers use Hebrew as second language but prefer Hungarian. Jewish. Bible 1590-1991. See main entry under Hungary.


Romania Language name HUNGARIAN
Population 1,700,000 to 3,000,000 in Romania (1998).
Alternate names MAGYAR
Comments Bilingualism in Romanian. Newspapers. Bible 1590-1991. See main entry under Hungary.


Slovakia Language name HUNGARIAN
Population 597,400 in Slovakia (1993), 11.2% of the population.
Alternate names MAGYAR
Comments Bible 1590-1991. See main entry under Hungary.


Slovenia Language name HUNGARIAN
Population 9,240 (1991 census).
Alternate names MAGYAR
Comments Acknowledged as autochtonous communities and protected by the constitution. Official language. SVO. Bible 1590-1991. See main entry under Hungary.


Ukraine Language name HUNGARIAN
Population 187,000 in Ukraine (1993 Johnstone), 95% speak it as mother tongue.
Alternate names MAGYAR
Comments Closest to Vogul (Mansi) of Russia. Christian. Bible 1590-1991. See main entry under Hungary.


Yugoslavia Language name HUNGARIAN
Population 450,500 in Yugoslavia (1986).
Alternate names MAGYAR
Comments Closest to Vogul (Mansi) of Russia. Official language. Bible 1590-1991. See main entry under Hungary.

 

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