KURDI LANGUAGE

TRANSLATE FROM / TO KURDI

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SOME FACTS

Geographic distribution

The Kurdish languages or Kurdish dialects are spoken in the region loosely called Kurdistan including Kurdish populations in parts of Iran, Iraq, Syria and Turkey.

Classification and related languages

The Kurdish languages belong to the northwestern group of the Iranian branch of the Indo-European family; a close relative is Persian, which is in the southwestern group.

The Kurdish languages form a dialect continuum, with comprehensibility diminishing as the distance from one's native dialect increases. The principal Kurdish languages are:

* Northern Kurdish or Kurmanji
* Central Kurdish or Sorani
* The Southern Kurdish dialects
* Hewrami or Auramani

The Dimili (Zaza) language is also thought to be a Kurdic language by some, although many linguists dispute this.

The Kurdish languages have their own historical development, continuity, grammatical system and rich living vocabularies. The claim that the Kurdish languages have as their direct ancestor the language of the Iranian Medes seem not to be supported by the linguistic data.

KURDI: a language of Iraq
SIL code: KDB
ISO 639-1: ku
ISO 639-2: kur

Population 2,785,500 in Iraq, 18% of population including all Kurdish in Iraq, most of whom speak Kurdi (1986). Population total all countries 6,036,000. All Kurd speakers in all countries: 11,000,000 (1999 WA).

Region In and around Sulamanya. Also spoken in Iran, USA.
Alternate names KURDY, SOUTHERN KURDISH, SORANI, SURANI
Dialects ARBILI, KHUSHNAW, PIZHDAR, MUKRI, GARRUSI (BIJBRI), ARDAIANI (SANANDAJI), SULAYMANI (SULEIMANIYE), WARMAWA, GARMIYANI, KOLYA'I, ZANGANA, KIRMANSHAHI.

Classification Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Kurdish.
Comments Sorani is mainly in Iraq. Official language. Literacy rate in second language: 27%. Other reports are that many are well educated. Sunni and Shi'a Muslim; Ahl-e-haqq groups in 3 districts in south and southeast Kurdistan, mainly around Kermanshah and Kerkuk; 50,000 Yezidis in northern Iraq near Mosul and in the Sinjar Hills. NT 1994.

Also spoken in:
Iran Language name KURDI
Population 3,250,000 in Iran.

Alternate names KURDY, SOUTHERN KURDISH, SORANI, KORKORA, WAWA

Dialects KERMANSHAHI, MUKRI, JAFI.

Comments 90% are settled in cities or villages, 10% are nomadic. Jafi may be a separate language. Taught at 2 universities. Language of wider communication. Literacy rate in second language: All people: 1%, boys: 15%. Arabic script used in Iran and Iraq. Muslim (mainly Sunni, some Shi'a), Christian. NT 1994.

 

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