TRANSLATE FROM / TO ROMANIAN

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We provide translation from / into Romanian for both enterprises, including state organizations, and for private individuals as well. Our services involve all types of written / oral translation from / into Romanian, including simultaneous interpretation.

SOME FACTS

Romanian language, member of the Romance group of the Italic subfamily of the Indo-European family of languages. It is spoken by about 22 million people in Romania, where it is the official language, by 3 million people in Moldova, and by perhaps another 1 million persons scattered in Bulgaria, Greece, Macedonia, Albania, Yugoslavia (now Serbia and Montenegro), and Hungary. At the present time Romanian is written in the Roman alphabet, to which have been added the symbols a, a, i, s, and t. In Moldova under Soviet rule, however, Cyrillic characters were used for Romanian. A distinctive feature of Romanian is the attachment of the definite article to the noun as a suffix, as in omul (literally, “man-the”). The oldest surviving Romanian texts are from the 16th cent., and there are four major dialects of the language.

History

The Romanian territory was inhabited in ancient times by the Dacians, an Indo-European people. They were defeated by the Roman Empire in 106 and part of Dacia (Oltenia, Banat and Ardeal) became a Roman province. For the next 165 years, there is evidence of considerable Roman colonization in the area, the region being in close communication with the rest of the Roman empire. Vulgar Latin became the language of the administration and commerce.

Under the pressure of the Free Dacians and of the Goths, the Roman administration and legions were withdrawn from Dacia between 271-275. Whether the Romanians are the descendants of these people that abandoned the area and settled south of Danube or of the people that remained in Dacia is a matter of debate. For further discussion, see Origin of Romanians.

Due to its geographical isolation, Romanian was probably the first language that split and until the modern age was not influenced by other Romance languages, so the grammar is roughly similar to that of Latin, keeping declensions and the neuter gender, unlike any other Romance language.

All the dialects of Romanian are believed to have been unified in a common language until sometime between the 7th and the 10th century when the area was influenced by the Byzantine Empire and Romanian came under the influence of the Slavic language. Aromanian has very few Slavonic words. Also, the variations in the Daco-Romanian dialect (spoken throughout Romania and Moldova) are very small, which is quite remarkable, as until the Modern Era there was almost no connection between Romanians in various regions. The use of this uniform Daco-Romanian dialect extends well beyond the borders of the Romanian state: a Romanian-speaker from Moldova speaks the same language as a Romanian-speaker from the Serbian Banat.

It is also noteworthy that Romanian was the only Romance language that was not under the cultural influence of the Roman Catholic Church, instead being influenced by the Orthodox Church, Slavonic, Greek and Turkish cultures.

ROMANIAN: a language of Romania
SIL code: RUM
ISO 639-1: mo
ISO 639-2: mol
ISO 639-1: ro
ISO 639-2(B): rum
ISO 639-2(T): ron

Population 20,520,000 in Romania, 90% of the population (1986). Population total all countries 26,000,000 (1999 WA).

Region Moldavian is in Moldova to the northeast, and Muntenian in Muntenia, or Wallachia in the southeast, other dialects in the north and west, including much of Transylvania. Also spoken in Australia, Azerbaijan, Canada, Finland, Hungary, Israel, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia (Europe), Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, USA, Uzbekistan, Yugoslavia.

Alternate names RUMANIAN, MOLDAVIAN, DACO-RUMANIAN

Dialects MOLDAVIAN, MUNTENIAN (WALACHIAN), TRANSYLVANIAN, BANAT, BAYASH.

Classification Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Eastern.

Comments Romanian has 77% lexical similarity with Italian, 75% with French, 74% with Sardinian, 73% with Catalan, 72% with Portuguese and Rheto-Romance, 71% with Spanish. The Bayash are Gypsies who have lost their language and now speak Romanian based on the Banat dialect with Romani and Hungarian influences. National language. Grammar. SVO. Deciduous forest. Mountain slope. Peasant agriculturalists, other. Christian. Bible 1688-1989.

Also spoken in:
Hungary Language name ROMANIAN
Population 100,000 in Hungary (1995 Iosif Bena).
Alternate names RUMANIAN, DACO-ROMANIAN, MOLDAVIAN
Dialects BAYASH ROMANIAN.
Comments The Bayash are ex-slave Roma who worked in houses, and were forbidden to speak Romani. The Bayash speak a very distinctive kind of Romanian. Substantial literature in Bayash. Radio programs. Bible 1688-1989.


Israel Language name ROMANIAN
Population 250,000 in Israel (1993 Statistical Abstract of Israel).
Comments Bilingualism in Hebrew. Elderly speakers use Hebrew as second language but prefer Romanian. Radio programs. Jewish. Bible 1688-1989.


Moldova Language name ROMANIAN
Population 2,664,000 in Moldova (1979 census).
Alternate names MOLDAVAN, ROUMANIAN, RUMANIAN
Dialects MOLDAVAN (MOLDOVIAN, MOLDOVEAN), MUNTENIAN (WALACHIAN, MUNTEAN), BANAT, BAYASH, CHRISHANA, MARAMURESH, OLTENIA-LESSER WALLACHIA (OLTEAN).
Comments Little dialect variation. The Bayash are Gypsies who speak a dialect based on Banat, but influenced by Romani and Hungarian. Many Gypsies in Moldova and southern Ukraine speak Moldavan as mother tongue. Called 'Moldavan' in Moldova. National language. Cyrillic script was replaced by Roman script in 1989. Christian. Bible 1688-1984.


Ukraine Language name ROMANIAN
Population 250,000 or fewer in Ukraine (1999).
Alternate names RUMANIAN, MOLDAVIAN, DACO-ROMANIAN
Comments Mountain slope. Bible 1688-1989.


Yugoslavia Language name ROMANIAN
Population 200,000 to 300,000 in Yugoslavia (1995 Iosif Bena).
Alternate names RUMANIAN, MOLDAVIAN, DACO-RUMANIAN
Comments Radio programs, TV. Bible 1688-1989.